The
Boston Globe souped up the performance of its Boston.com Web site by using the
services of a content delivery network vendor to handle high-bandwidth
multimedia.
The
site last year began using Mirror Image Internet Inc. to manage video and other
bandwidth-intensive elements, said Jeff Moriarty, Boston.com’s vice president
of product and technology.

Boston.com
saw increased demand for video after using Mirror Image Internet to handle
high-bandwidth content.
“We
have a couple of very popular video partners in New England Cable News and New
England Sports Network,” he said. “We power their Web sites and we have
exclusive rights to distribute their video. We knew that the popularity of video
on our site was increasing, so we needed to find a solution that could handle a
lot of streams.”
Streamlines
traffic
Mirror
Image, like other content delivery networks, or CDNs, helps speed Web traffic by
positioning its servers at strategic points around the Internet.
When
a user requests a particular item, Mirror Image determines the most appropriate
server from which to route the information.
This
eliminates the risks associated with having only one or a handful of servers at
a central location to handle user requests. If a large segment of the Web ever
should go down because of traffic congestion or outright failure, thousands of
customers can be cut off.
Newspaper
Web sites are especially vulnerable. When a national story breaks and hundreds
of thousands of requests occur in the space of minutes, even the largest server
farms can be taxed to their maximum.
Case
in point: 9/11, where some sites were all but inaccessible due to heavy traffic.
Enter
Tewksbury, Mass.-based Mirror Image. The six-year-old supplier relies on a
“less is more” philosophy, using a network of larger, but fewer servers,
said Bob Hammond, chief technology officer.
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Bob Hammond |
“I’m
a big platforms person,” he said. “I like big systems, so we partnered up
with [companies like] Hewlett-Packard, Sun, Dell and Cisco. We run Oracle
databases in the back - that allows us to keep track of metadata information
about the storage of our objects, and that’s running on the big HP gear. A lot
of our systems in front of that are Sun Solaris.”
By
sprinkling fewer servers within a widely distributed environment, the more
potentially reliable the network can be, Hammond said. The design also requires
less replication among the network, thus enabling customers to refresh content
more quickly.
Still
hosts HTML
While
Boston.com has entrusted its multimedia to Mirror Image, it still serves HTML
from its Massachusetts data center, Moriarty said.
That’s
primarily because most of the updates on Boston.com are still centered about
text; image and video updates occur less frequently, he said.
Still,
Moriarty said that the explosion of broadband access, especially in the Boston
metropolitan area, has dramatically increased the demand for streaming video.
“Last
year at this time, we were serving between 200,000 and 300,000 video clips a
month,” he said. “Now in the same time period we’re up around 2 million.
The need was definitely there for a partner like Mirror Image that had a pricing
model that allowed us to scale and be flexible as these applications evolved.”
| How
caching works in Boston
When
a Boston.com user requests a video stream, a specific name-subdomain
pair is assigned within the HTML output, such as “cdn.boston.com.”
At
the local DNS server, a CNAME entry is made to map content boston.com to
the files in Mirror Image Internet Inc.’s content delivery network.
When
the end user’s browser parses the HTML from Boston.com, it resolves
all cdn.boston.com to the IP of the closest content access point in
network proximity to his computer.
“The
browser does an ‘HTTP GET’ request, and that’s when if we get the
first request and we don’t have it, we fetch the content and pull it
into our network,” said Bob Hammond, Mirror Image’s chief technology
officer. “Then all the rest of the millions of users who do that same
GET request after that will have the content delivered directly from our
network.”
In
the case of a discrete URL where the content gets changed but the
address stays the same, the task of a CDN becomes a bit trickier. Mirror
Image encourages the use of cache-control headers in the HTML code when
those situations are expected to occur, and the company also supplies
customers with cache-control programmatic tools to use in specific
instances where unusual or complex cases may pop up.
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Hays Goodman
What
is a NAP?
Like
preschool teachers in the middle of the day, content delivery networks
such as Mirror Image Internet Inc. and Akamai Technologies Inc. want
their charges to be as close to a NAP as possible.
In
this case, NAP stands for network access point, an area where a regional
network can physically connect to the Internet backbone and permit large
blocks of traffic to flow from provider to provider.
Typically,
these site are home to state-of-the-art Internet routers and switchers,
and CDNs want their servers to be located to these major intersections
so they can deliver content as quickly as possible.
From
the four NAPs originally funded by the National Science Foundation at
the dawn of the Internet, today the Web boasts scores of NAPs, some
constructed to bypass data-choked bottlenecks.
A
list of current NAPs and other major data exchange points can be found
at http://www.ep.net/ep-main.html.
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Hays Goodman
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